{"id":288,"date":"2020-10-26T14:00:41","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T13:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/etiennepouvreau.com\/?p=288"},"modified":"2023-10-10T17:19:35","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T15:19:35","slug":"design-fiction-maif","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.etiennepouvreau.com\/en_us\/design-fiction-maif\/","title":{"rendered":"Design fiction : entre r\u00eave et r\u00e9alit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des sc\u00e9narios r\u00e9silients ou catastrophiques visant \u00e0 anticiper de futures r\u00e9alit\u00e9s : bienvenue dans le design fiction !<\/strong><\/h2>\n

En 2005, lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence, l\u2019auteur am\u00e9ricain de science-fiction Bruce Sterling d\u00e9finissait modestement le design fiction comme \u00ab l\u2019utilisation intentionnelle de prototypes pour rompre avec la d\u00e9fiance ou l\u2019incr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du changement \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Peu de temps apr\u00e8s, en 2009, le terme de design fiction est repris par l\u2019artiste et technologue Julian Bleecker (1)<\/strong> qui d\u00e9veloppera plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le concept dans un essai.<\/p>\n

Se projeter dans le futur<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Le Design fiction ou design sp\u00e9culatif, ou encore design critique, consiste en fait \u00e0 explorer certaines \u00e9volutions futures de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et ce qui pourrait en d\u00e9couler. Contrairement aux d\u00e9marches classiques du design qui consistent \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un besoin pr\u00e9cis en cr\u00e9ant un objet, un service ou une application, l\u2019objectif du design fiction est d\u2019imaginer et de se projeter dans des sc\u00e9narios probables, possibles, ou compl\u00e8tement sp\u00e9culatifs pour ensuite faire na\u00eetre des dialogues, d\u00e9bats, interactions… autour de ces enjeux futurs.<\/p>\n

Parmi les cas c\u00e9l\u00e8bres, prenons celui des Yes Men. Sp\u00e9cialistes du canular politique, ce collectif a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 puis diffus\u00e9 publiquement \u00e0 plusieurs reprises de faux documents relatant des visions ou cons\u00e9quences extr\u00eames de discours qu\u2019ils entendent renverser, ou au contraire voir se r\u00e9aliser. En novembre 2008, une semaine apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9lection de Barack Obama \u00e0 la Maison Blanche, le collectif, rejoint par des centaines d\u2019artistes, \u00e9crivains et militants ind\u00e9pendants, a ainsi distribu\u00e9 une fausse Une du New York Times annon\u00e7ant le retrait des troupes en Irak et la fin de la guerre du Golf.<\/p>\n

\"\"
En novembre 2008, le collectif des Yes Men diffuse une fausse Une du New York Times titrant la fin de la guerre en Irak.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pourquoi provoquer, mentir et divulguer des informations\u00a0erron\u00e9es\u00a0?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Selon le studio de design Dunne &\u00a0<\/span>Raby<\/span>, la fiction est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant pour\u00a0<\/span>provoquer<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>une<\/span>\u00a0attitude critique et produire des \u00e9tats de conscience. Le design fiction est un outil sp\u00e9culatif sur l\u2019avenir, pouvant donner lieu \u00e0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>diff\u00e9rents services<\/span>\u00a0et\u00a0<\/span>produits<\/span>\u00a0alternatifs, notamment autour du progr\u00e8s technologique<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0en comparaison de ceux vendus sur le march\u00e9<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>toujours<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e8s optimistes.<\/span>\u00a0Qu’il s’agisse d’imaginer le pire ou le meilleur, le design fiction et les r\u00e9flexions autour de possibles technologies futures peuvent permettre de mieux appr\u00e9hender le monde de demain. Il s’agit de<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>cr\u00e9er une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 fictionnelle pour mieux comprendre l\u2019avenir.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Pour<\/span>\u00a0les designers, c\u2019est alors se d\u00e9charger des contraintes \u00e9conomiques\u00a0<\/span>et<\/span>\u00a0mettre en forme des d\u00e9bats possibles.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cyber-fiction\u00a0et humains \u00e9lectriques\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Bien que ces propositions mettent en \u0153uvre tous les moyens possibles pour se jouer de la m\u00e9fiance de l\u2019auditoire, celles-ci n\u2019ont pas pour autant vocation \u00e0 produire des affabulations. Leur but n\u2019est pas de d\u00e9cevoir les gens, mais bien de produire des fictions suffisamment convaincantes pour susciter\u00a0<\/span>un<\/span>e<\/span>\u00a0r\u00e9action<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>de la part du public<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0C<\/span>r\u00e9er<\/span>\u00a0autour d\u2019un objet les conditions de sa cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9, c\u2019est ainsi faire sauter les verrous de la m\u00e9fiance et plonger le spectateur dans un possible.
\n<\/span>Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 80, le r\u00e9alisateur Ridley Scott confie au designer<\/span>\u00a0futuriste<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Syd<\/span>\u00a0Mead<\/span>\u00a0la supervision de l\u2019ensemble<\/span>\u00a0de l\u2019univers du film\u00a0Blade Runner<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>lequel imaginera<\/span>\u00a0alors les voitures de police caboss\u00e9es et l\u2019architecture mena\u00e7ante\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019un<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Los Angeles d\u2019anticipation<\/span>, donnant ainsi naissance au premier film cyberpunk.\u00a0<\/span>E<\/span>n 2011 la s\u00e9rie\u00a0Black Mirror<\/em>\u00a0a relanc\u00e9 les discussions sur les d\u00e9rives que pourraient engendrer les nouvelles technologies dans notre quotidien d\u2019\u00eatre humain.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
En 1982, Ridley Scott plonge le spectateur dans un Los Angeles du futur gr\u00e2ce au film Blade Runner.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fiction ou r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Plus r\u00e9cemment, on peut citer deux initiatives remarquables. En Grande-Bretagne, l\u2019agence Design Friction\u00a0<\/span>en lien\u00a0<\/span>avec<\/span>\u00a0l\u2019Agence UK<\/span>, a travaill\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>avec\u00a0des hommes politiques et des citoyens pour d\u00e9battre des enjeux du vieillissement pour le pays. Ces sessions participatives ont accueilli des participants\u00a0<\/span>\u00e2g\u00e9s\u00a0<\/span>de 45 \u00e0 95 ans, vivant \u00e0 domicile ou au sein d\u2019institutions sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, ainsi que les travailleurs sociaux qui les accompagnent au quotidien. Des groupes de parole organis\u00e9s par les designers ont mis en avant la probl\u00e9matique de la fin de vie, un sujet consid\u00e9r\u00e9 par les citoyens interrog\u00e9s comme tr\u00e8s mal encadr\u00e9 par leur administration.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Une des\u00a0<\/span>fictions produite<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0\u00e0 l’issue de ces \u00e9changes est une montre connect\u00e9e intitul\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Soulaje\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>permettant de s\u2019euthanasier en toute autonomie (2)<\/strong>. Si l\u2019objet ressemble \u00e0 n\u2019importe quelle montre intelligente, sa seule fonction est pourtant de permettre aux personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es de mettre fin \u00e0 leur<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0jour<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0lorsqu\u2019elles sentent que le moment est venu. Un ensemble de garde-fous et de proc\u00e9dures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 emp\u00eachent cependant l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019appareil en cas de pulsion de mort. Une mise en sc\u00e8ne remarquable qui pr\u00e9sente tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable projet tangible.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
La montre Soulaje, artefact de la fin de vie.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Artefact<\/strong>\u00a0: dans le cadre du design fiction, l’artefact est un outil, un objet, un mot… qui permet d’illustrer et de mat\u00e9rialiser un sc\u00e9nario futur envisag\u00e9. Comme la montre Soulage par exemple.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Parall\u00e8lement, en France, on peut<\/span>\u00a0citer<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>l\u2019initiative<\/span>\u00a0r\u00e9cente\u00a0<\/span>de Politique Fiction\u00a0<\/span>qui<\/span>\u00a0consistait\u00a0\u00e0 imaginer, sur la base des programmes politiques des candidats \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle fran\u00e7aise, des visions alternatives du monde.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une vision prospective\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Le design fiction, ce n\u2019est pas<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>se contenter de compiler quelques<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>faits<\/span>\u00a0surprenants issus de la science-fiction<\/span>\u00a0ou des s<\/span>cripts venant bousculer le r\u00e9el.\u00a0<\/span>Ces sc\u00e9narios nous projettent entre le pr\u00e9sent et plusieurs futurs alternatifs permettant ainsi de montrer les limites, forces et cons\u00e9quences de chaque parti pris. Et surtout d\u2019en construire d\u2019autres, \u00e0 contre-pied des principes implicites r\u00e9gissant les discours contemporains sur l\u2019avenir. Il faut avant<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tout<\/span>\u00a0se poser la question du contexte dans lequel se joue la fiction, amener diverses cl\u00e9s de lecture : historiques, sociales, \u00e9conomiques, technologiques… pour que l\u2019audience puisse comprendre dans quelle mesure cela peut arriver. La distanciation est un moyen de souligner les possibles, et non plus un possible, de ne plus \u00eatre dans l\u2019erreur, mais de comprendre qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 parmi tant d\u2019autres que nous serions d\u00e8s lors capable d\u2019imaginer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le confinement a par exemple<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>boulevers\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0la morphologie sociale, les r\u00e8gles de prox\u00e9mie,\u00a0<\/span>et final<\/span>ement donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 de nouveaux imaginaires\u00a0<\/span>pour explorer<\/span>\u00a0et tenter d\u2019anticiper<\/span>\u00a0demain.\u00a0<\/span>L<\/span>a plan\u00e8te n\u2019\u00e9tait pas bien\u00a0<\/span>pr\u00e9par\u00e9e<\/span>\u00a0\u00e0 ce genre d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Et si nous voguions vers de nouveaux modes de vie (3)<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Retrouvez cet article sur le\u00a0blog des designers de la MAIF<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
Sources et articles :
\n<\/em><\/strong>(1)<\/strong>\u00a0http:\/\/www.internetactu.net\/2013\/03\/07\/de-la-science-fiction-au-design-fiction\/<\/a><\/em>
\n(2)<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/medium.com\/design-friction\/protopolicy-le-design-fiction-comme-modalit%C3%A9-de-ne%CC%81gociation-des-transformations-sociopolitiques-5eb06c41270<\/a><\/em>
\n(3)<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/theconversation.com\/le-confinement-une-transition-vers-de-nouveaux-modes-de-vie-134616<\/a><\/em><\/h5>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 2005, lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence, l\u2019auteur am\u00e9ricain de science-fiction Bruce Sterling d\u00e9finissait modestement le design fiction comme \u00ab l\u2019utilisation intentionnelle de prototypes pour rompre avec la d\u00e9fiance ou l\u2019incr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du changement \u00bb.
\nPeu de temps apr\u00e8s, en 2009, le terme de design fiction est repris par…<\/p>\n

Read more<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prospective","post--featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nDesign fiction : entre r\u00eave et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 - Etienne Pouvreau - Designer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etiennepouvreau.com\/en_us\/design-fiction-maif\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Design fiction : entre r\u00eave et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 - Etienne Pouvreau - Designer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 2005, lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence, l\u2019auteur am\u00e9ricain de science-fiction Bruce Sterling d\u00e9finissait modestement le design fiction comme \u00ab l\u2019utilisation intentionnelle de prototypes pour rompre avec la d\u00e9fiance ou l\u2019incr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du changement \u00bb. 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